By L. Dan. Excelsior College.

A larger (3) afferent arteriole carries through the long purchase 10mg lotrisone overnight delivery antifungal vaccine, twisted pathway of the blood to the glomerulus purchase lotrisone 10mg with visa antifungal hair oil, and a smaller (4) efferent tubule. The dif- electrolytes and amino acids are returned to ference in the size of these vessels provides the need- the peritubular capillaries and reenter the ed pressure to force blood plasma into Bowman circulating blood. Once this happens, the fluid is no longer • Secretion is the final stage of urine forma- plasma but is called filtrate. Substances are actively secreted from the passes behind the renal corpuscle, it forms the blood in the peritubular capillaries into the (5) peritubular capillaries. Waste products, of four sections: the (6) proximal convoluted tubule, such as ammonia, uric acid, and metabolic followed by the narrow (7) loop of Henle, then the products of medications are secreted into the larger (8) distal tubule and, finally, the (9) collecting filtrate to be eliminated in the urine. The collecting tubule transports newly formed urine to the renal pelvis for excretion by the kidneys. Urine leaves the collecting tubule and enters the The nephron performs three physiological renal pelvis. From here it passes to the bladder functions as it produces urine: until urination takes place. The union of the vas deferens with the duct from Male Reproductive System the seminal vesicle forms the (7) ejaculatory The purpose of the male reproductive system is to duct. The seminal vesicle contains nutrients that produce, maintain, and transport sperm, the male support sperm viability and produces approxi- sex cell required for fertilization of the female egg. The prostate gland The primary male reproductive organ consists secretes a thin, alkaline substance that accounts of two (1) testes (singular, testis) located in an for about 30% of seminal fluid. Within the protect sperm from the acidic environments of testes are numerous small tubes that twist and the male urethra and the female vagina. Two pea- coil to form (3) seminiferous tubules, which shaped structures, the (9) bulbourethral (Cowper) produce sperm. The testes also secrete testos- glands, are located below the prostate and are terone, a hormone that develops and maintains connected by a small duct to the urethra. Lying over the bulbourethral glands provide the alkaline fluid superior surface of each testis is a single, tightly necessary for sperm viability. It is cylindrical stores sperm after it leaves the seminiferous and composed of erectile tissue that encloses the tubules. The urethra expels semen and urine which sperm passes after its production in the from the body. Tracing the duct upward, the epididymis at the base of the bladder closes, which not only forms the (5) vas deferens (also called the semi- stops the urine from being expelled with the nal duct or ductus deferens), a narrow tube that semen, but also prevents semen from entering passes through the inguinal canal into the the bladder. The vas deferens extends over (12) glans penis, contains the (13) urethral ori- the top and down the posterior surface of the fice (meatus). A movable hood of skin, called the bladder, where it joins the (6) seminal vesicle. Midsagittal section of male reproductive structures shown through the pelvic cavity. Connecting Body Systems–Genitourinary System The main function of the genitourinary system is to enable sexual reproduction and to regulate extracellular fluids of the body. Specific functional relationships between the genitourinary system and other body systems are summarized below. Blood, lymph, and immune Endocrine • Male reproductive system transports • Kidneys regulate sodium and water bal- testosterone throughout the body in ance, which is essential for hormone trans- blood and lymph. Cardiovascular Female reproductive • Kidneys help regulate essential electrolytes • Male organs of reproduction work in con- needed for contraction of the heart. Digestive • Kidneys aid in removing waste products • Kidneys aid in removing glucose from the produced by the fetus in the pregnant blood when excessive amounts are con- woman. Anatomy and Physiology 315 Connecting Body Systems–Genitourinary System Integumentary Nervous • Kidneys compensate for extracellular fluid • Kidneys regulate sodium, potassium, and loss due to hyperhidrosis. Respiratory Musculoskeletal • Kidneys and lungs assist in regulating acid- • Kidneys work in conjunction with bone base balance of the body. It is time to review male reproductive anatomy by completing Learning Activity 11–2. Medical Word Elements This section introduces combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes related to the genitourinary system. The onset of the disease is usually acute, with Pathology of the urinary system includes a range of symptoms including pain around the kidney, disorders from those that are asymptomatic to dysuria, fatigue, urinary urgency and frequency, those that manifest an array of signs and symp- chills, fever, nausea, and vomiting.

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